Bhaskara Deva, a Thakuri form Nuwakot, succeeded Vijayakama Deva and established NuThakuri rule. He is said to have built Navabahal and Hemavarna Vihara. After Bhaskara Deva, four kings of this line ruled over the country. They were Bala Deva, Padma Deva, Nagarjuna Deva and Shankara Deva.
Shankara Deva (1067–1080 AD) was the most famous ruler of this dynasty. He established the image of 'Shantesvara Mahadeva' and 'Manohara Bhagavati'. The custom of pasting the pictures of Nagas and Vasuki on the doors of houses on the day of Nagapanchami was introduced by him. During his time, the Buddhists wreaked vengeance on the Hindu Brahmins for the harm they had received earlier from Shankaracharya. Shankara Deva tried to pacify the Brahmins harassed by the Buddhists.
Wednesday, September 18, 2013
Wednesday, September 11, 2013
History of Limbuwan
History of Limbuwan shows the history and political development of the people of Limbuwan until their unification with the Gorkha Kingdom in 1774 AD. During King Prithivi Narayan Shah's unification of Nepal the present-day Nepal east of Arun and Koshi River was known as Pallo Kirant Limbuwan. It was divided into ten Limbu people|Limbu Kingdoms of which the Morang Kingdom was the most powerful and had the central government. The capital of the Morang Kingdom of Limbuwan was Bijaypur, now Dharan, Nepal|Dharan. After the Limbuwan-Gorkha War and seeing the threat of the rising power of the British East India Company, kings and ministers of all the ten Limbu Kingdoms of Limbuwan gathered in Bijaypur, present day Dharan, to agree upon the Limbuwan-Gorkha treaty. This Treaty formally united ten Limbu people|Limb Kingdoms into the Gorkha Kingdom, but it also gave Limbuwan full autonomy under Limbuwan Kipat System.
The stone inscription what inscription and where? tells us that, the kirants probably ruled Nepal about 1000 years ago (around 1000 years ago there was a different king if were supposed to believe the text above). The first and best remembered king was Yalambar (what proof is there that yalamber was limbu. Legend credits him with meeting Indra (quit dreaming ), the lord of heaven, who ventured into the Valley in human guise. He had the dubious honor of being slain in the epic battle of the Mahabharata, in which gods and mortals fought alongside each other..
The great emperor of India, Ashoka, was also a visitor to Kathmandu in this period. As a follower of Buddhism, Ashoka visited Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha, and erected stupas in Kathmandu. His daughter married a local prince and further spread the religion. As the Kirat dynasty came to an end in the valley how and what proof again, parts still remained in the eastern mountains where they are considered to be the forefathers of today.
Malla Density
Early Malla rule started with Ari Malla in the 12th century. Over the next two centuries his kingdom expanded widely, into the Terai and western Tibet, before disintegrating into small principalities, which later became known as the Baise Rajya|Baise
Jayasthiti Malla, with whom commences the later Malla dynasty of the Kathmandu Valley, began to reign at the end of the 14th century. Though his rule was rather short, his place among the rulers in the Valley is eminent for the various social and economic reforms such as the 'Sanskritization' of the Valley people, new methods of land measurement and allocation etc. Yaksha Malla, the grandson of Jayasthiti Malla, ruled the Kathmandu Valley until almost the end of the 15th century. After his demise, the Valley was divided into three independent Valley kingdoms.Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan.in about 1484 AD. This division led the Malla rulers into internecine clashes and wars for territorial and commercial gains. Mutually debilitating wars gradually weakened them, that facilitated conquest of the Kathmandu Valley by King Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha. The last Malla rulers were Jaya Prakasha Malla, Teja Narasingha Malla and Ranjit Malla of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur respectively.
Legendary account of kirati in Nepal
Nepal's very first recorded, though still legendary, history began with the Devkotas, who may have arrived from the west to the Kathmandu valley. Little is known about them, other than their deftness as sheep farmers and great fondness for carrying long knives. According to the Gopalavamsa chronicle, the Kiratas ruled for about 1225 years (800 BCE–300 CE), their reign had a total of 29 kings during that time. Their first king was Elam; also known as Yalambar, who is referenced in the epic Mahabharata.
The 1st Kirata King Kushal laid the foundation of the Kirata dynasty after defeating the last ruler of the Abhira dynasty. When Kiraats occupied the valley, they made Matatirtha their capital. The Kirat kingdom during the rule of Yalambar extended to Tista in the East and Trisidi in the West. It is said Yalambar had gone to witness the battle of Mahabharata between the Pandavas and the Kauravas. He was so brave and powerful that Lord Krishna beheaded him prior to the battle suspecting he might fight for the Kauravas.
The 7th Kirata King 'Jitedasti
During the rule of the 7th Kirat King Jitedasti, Lord Gautam Buddha(BC 623-BC 543) is said to have come to the valley with his several disciples and to have visited holy places of Swayambhu, Guheswari, etc., and to have preached his religious teaching. The Kiratas of the valley refused to follow his doctrine but welcomed Lord Buddha and his disciples.
The 14th Kirata King 'Sthunko
During the rule of the 14th Kirat King Sthunko, the Indian Emperor Ashoka is said to have come to the Kathmandu Valley with his daughter, princess Charumati. During his
Tuesday, September 10, 2013
Nepalese civil war
In February 1996, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) started a bid to replace the parliamentary monarchy with a people's new democratic republic, through a Maoist revolutionary strategy known as the [[people's war]], which led to the Nepalese Civil War. Led by Dr. Baburam Bhattarai and Pushpa Kamal Dahal (also known as "Prachanda"), the insurgency began in five districts in Nepal: Rolpa, Rukum, Jajarkot, Gurkha|Gorkha, and Sindhuli. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)established a provisional "people's government" at the district level in several locations.
On June 1, 2001 after the assassination of royal family, including King Birendra of Nepal|Birendra and Queen [[Queen Aiswarya|Aishwaya .Prince Gyanendra (Birendra's brother) inherited the throne, according to tradition. Meanwhile, the rebellion escalated, and in October 2002 the king temporarily deposed the government and took complete control of it. A week later he reappointed another government, but the country was still very unstable.
In the face of unstable governments and a siege on the Kathmandu Valley in August 2004, popular support for the monarchy began to wane. On February 1, 2005, Gyanendra dismissed the entire government and assumed full executive powers, declaring a "state of emergency" to quash the revolution. Politicians were placed under house arrest, phone and internet lines were cut, and freedom of the press was severely curtailed.
The king's new regime made little progress in his stated aim to suppress the insurgents. Municipal elections in February 2006 were described by the European Union as "a backward step for democracy", as the major parties 2006 democracy movement in Nepal|strikes and street protests in Kathmandu]] forced the king to reinstate the parliament. A '''seven-party coalition''' resumed control of the government and stripped the king of most of his powers. As of 15 January 2007, Nepal was governed by an unicameral legislature under an '''interim constitution'''. On December 24, 2007, seven parties, including the former Maoist rebels and the ruling party, agreed to abolish the monarchy and declare.
On June 1, 2001 after the assassination of royal family, including King Birendra of Nepal|Birendra and Queen [[Queen Aiswarya|Aishwaya .Prince Gyanendra (Birendra's brother) inherited the throne, according to tradition. Meanwhile, the rebellion escalated, and in October 2002 the king temporarily deposed the government and took complete control of it. A week later he reappointed another government, but the country was still very unstable.
In the face of unstable governments and a siege on the Kathmandu Valley in August 2004, popular support for the monarchy began to wane. On February 1, 2005, Gyanendra dismissed the entire government and assumed full executive powers, declaring a "state of emergency" to quash the revolution. Politicians were placed under house arrest, phone and internet lines were cut, and freedom of the press was severely curtailed.
The king's new regime made little progress in his stated aim to suppress the insurgents. Municipal elections in February 2006 were described by the European Union as "a backward step for democracy", as the major parties 2006 democracy movement in Nepal|strikes and street protests in Kathmandu]] forced the king to reinstate the parliament. A '''seven-party coalition''' resumed control of the government and stripped the king of most of his powers. As of 15 January 2007, Nepal was governed by an unicameral legislature under an '''interim constitution'''. On December 24, 2007, seven parties, including the former Maoist rebels and the ruling party, agreed to abolish the monarchy and declare.
Federal Democratic republic
On May 28, 2008 the newly elected Constituent Assembly declared Nepal a Federal Democratic Republic, abolishing the 240-year-old monarchy. The motion for abolition of monarchy was carried by a huge majority; out of 564 members present in the assembly, 560 voted for the motion while 4 members voted against it.archive/2008/may/may28/news18. Nepalnews.com, news from Nepal as it happens]. Nepalnews.com. 28 May 2008. Retrieved on 2012-04-08.</ref> Finally, on June 11, 2008 ex-king Gyanendra left the palace.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20081007111955/http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2008/jun/jun11/news16.php Ex-King Gyanendra leaves Narayanhiti]. nepalnews.com. 11 June 2008</ref> Ram Baran Yadav of the Nepali Congress became the first president of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on July 23, 2008. Similarly, Pushpa Kamal Dahal, popularly known as [[Prachanda]], of the [[Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]] was elected as the first Prime Minister on August 15, 2008, defeating Sher Bahadur Deuba of the Nepali Congress Party.
Ruling UCPN-Moaist party suspended Prakash Dahal, son of the Prime Minister Prachanda, from the membership of the party and from the powerful state afiars committee over his alleged extra-marital affair with a student leader.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Prachandas-son-suspended-from-Maoist-party-over-affair/articleshow/14803620.cms | title= Prachanda's son suspended from Maoist party over 'affair'| date= 10 July 2012}}</ref>
Ruling UCPN-Moaist party suspended Prakash Dahal, son of the Prime Minister Prachanda, from the membership of the party and from the powerful state afiars committee over his alleged extra-marital affair with a student leader.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Prachandas-son-suspended-from-Maoist-party-over-affair/articleshow/14803620.cms | title= Prachanda's son suspended from Maoist party over 'affair'| date= 10 July 2012}}</ref>
gorkha rule
image:Kings Palace Gorkha Nepal.The old king's palace on a hill in Gurkha|GorkhaAfter decades of rivalry between the medieval kingdoms, modern Nepal was created in the latter half of the 18th century, when Prithvi Narayan Shah the ruler of the small principality of Gorkha, formed a unified country from a number of independent hill states.he dedicated himself at an early age to the conquest of the Kathmandu Valley and the creation of a single state, which he achieved in 1768.
The country was frequently called the Gorkha Kingdom. It is a misconception that the Gorkhali took their name from the Gorkha region of Nepal; the region was given its name after the Gorkhali had established their control of these areas. The Gorkhali take their name from the legendary 8th-century Hindu warrior-saint Guru Gorakhnath, The Gorkhali claimed descent from the Hindu Rajputs and Brahmins of Northern India, who entered modern Nepal from the west.
After Shah's death, the Shah dynasty began to expand their kingdom into what is present day North India. Between 1788 and 1791, during the Sino-Nepalese War Nepal invaded Tibet and robbed Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse. Alarmed, the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty appointed Fuk'anggan commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign; Fuk'anggan defeated the Gorkhali army and the Gorkhali were forced to
Rivalry between Nepal and the British East India Company over the princely states bordering Nepal and India eventually led to the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16), in which Nepal suffered a complete rout. The [[Treaty of Sugauli]] was signed in 1816, ceding large parts of the Nepali territories of Terrai, (nearly one third of the country), to the British, in exchange for Nepalese Autonomous entity|autonomy. The ceded territories remained in India when India became independent in 1947.
The country was frequently called the Gorkha Kingdom. It is a misconception that the Gorkhali took their name from the Gorkha region of Nepal; the region was given its name after the Gorkhali had established their control of these areas. The Gorkhali take their name from the legendary 8th-century Hindu warrior-saint Guru Gorakhnath, The Gorkhali claimed descent from the Hindu Rajputs and Brahmins of Northern India, who entered modern Nepal from the west.
After Shah's death, the Shah dynasty began to expand their kingdom into what is present day North India. Between 1788 and 1791, during the Sino-Nepalese War Nepal invaded Tibet and robbed Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse. Alarmed, the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty appointed Fuk'anggan commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign; Fuk'anggan defeated the Gorkhali army and the Gorkhali were forced to
Rivalry between Nepal and the British East India Company over the princely states bordering Nepal and India eventually led to the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16), in which Nepal suffered a complete rout. The [[Treaty of Sugauli]] was signed in 1816, ceding large parts of the Nepali territories of Terrai, (nearly one third of the country), to the British, in exchange for Nepalese Autonomous entity|autonomy. The ceded territories remained in India when India became independent in 1947.
Democratic reform
Democratic reform
Main|Democracy movement in Nepal
Popular dissatisfaction against the family rule of the Ranas had started emerging from among the few educated people, who had studied in various Indian schools and colleges, and also from within the Ranas, many of whom were marginalised within the ruling Rana hierarchy. Many of these Nepalese in exile had actively taken part in the Indian Independence struggle and wanted to liberate Nepal as well from the internal autocratic Rana occupation. The political parties such as ''The Prajaparishad'' and ''[[Nepali Congress]]'' were already formed in exile by leaders such as B. P. Koirala, Ganesh Man Singh, Subarna Sumsher Rana, [[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]], [[Girija Prasad Koirala]], and many other patriotic-minded Nepalis who urged the military and popular political movement in Nepal to overthrow the autocratic Rana Regime. Among the prominent martyrs to die for the cause, executed at the hands of the Ranas, were Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Shukraraj Shastri, Gangalal Shrestha, and Dasharath Chand. This turmoil culminated in [[Tribhuvan of Nepal|King Tribhuvan]], a direct descendant of Prithvi Narayan Shah, fleeing from his "palace prison" in 1950, to newly independent India, touching off an armed revolt against the Rana administration. This eventually ended in the return of the Shah family to power and the appointment of a non-Rana as prime minister. A period of quasi-constitutional rule followed, during which the monarch, assisted by the leaders of fledgling political parties, governed the country. During the 1950s, efforts were made to frame a constitution for Nepal that would establish a representative form of government, based on a British model.
In early 1959, Tribhuvan's son [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]] issued a '''new constitution''', and the first '''democratic elections''' for a national assembly were held. The [[Nepali Congress Party]], a moderate socialist group, gained a substantial victory in the election. Its leader, [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]], formed a government and served as prime minister. After years of
Main|Democracy movement in Nepal
Popular dissatisfaction against the family rule of the Ranas had started emerging from among the few educated people, who had studied in various Indian schools and colleges, and also from within the Ranas, many of whom were marginalised within the ruling Rana hierarchy. Many of these Nepalese in exile had actively taken part in the Indian Independence struggle and wanted to liberate Nepal as well from the internal autocratic Rana occupation. The political parties such as ''The Prajaparishad'' and ''[[Nepali Congress]]'' were already formed in exile by leaders such as B. P. Koirala, Ganesh Man Singh, Subarna Sumsher Rana, [[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]], [[Girija Prasad Koirala]], and many other patriotic-minded Nepalis who urged the military and popular political movement in Nepal to overthrow the autocratic Rana Regime. Among the prominent martyrs to die for the cause, executed at the hands of the Ranas, were Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Shukraraj Shastri, Gangalal Shrestha, and Dasharath Chand. This turmoil culminated in [[Tribhuvan of Nepal|King Tribhuvan]], a direct descendant of Prithvi Narayan Shah, fleeing from his "palace prison" in 1950, to newly independent India, touching off an armed revolt against the Rana administration. This eventually ended in the return of the Shah family to power and the appointment of a non-Rana as prime minister. A period of quasi-constitutional rule followed, during which the monarch, assisted by the leaders of fledgling political parties, governed the country. During the 1950s, efforts were made to frame a constitution for Nepal that would establish a representative form of government, based on a British model.
In early 1959, Tribhuvan's son [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]] issued a '''new constitution''', and the first '''democratic elections''' for a national assembly were held. The [[Nepali Congress Party]], a moderate socialist group, gained a substantial victory in the election. Its leader, [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]], formed a government and served as prime minister. After years of
Royal coup by king Mahendra
Declaring parliamentary democracy a failure, King Mahendra carried out a royal coup 18 months later, in 1960. He dismissed the elected Koirala government, declared that a 'party less' [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat]] system''' would govern Nepal, and promulgated '''another new Royal coup by King Mahendra constitution''' on December 16, 1960.
Subsequently, the elected Prime Minister, Members of Parliament and hundreds of democratic activists were arrested. (In fact, this trend of arrest of political activists and democratic supporters continued for the entire 30 year period of partyless Panchayati System under King Mahendra and then his son, King Birendra).
The new constitution established a "partyless" system of panchayats (councils) which King Mahendra considered to be a democratic form of government, closer to Nepalese traditions. As a pyramidal structure, progressing from village assemblies to a [Rastriya Panchayat] (National Parliament), the Panchayat system constitutionalised the absolute power of the monarchy and kept the King as head of state with sole authority over all governmental institutions, including the Cabinet (Council of Ministers) and the Parliament. One-state-one-language became the national policy in an effort to carry out state unification, uniting various ethnic and regional groups into a singular Nepali nationalist bond. The [[Back to the Village National Campaign]], launched in 1967, was one of the main rural development programmes of the Panchayat system.
King Mahendra was succeeded by his 27-year-old son, King [[Birendra of Nepal|Birendra]], in 1972. Amid student demonstrations and anti-regime activities in 1979, King Birendra called for a national referendum to decide on the nature of Nepal's government: either the continuation of the panchayat system with '''democratic reforms''' or the establishment of a multiparty system. The referendum was held in May 1980, and the panchayat system won a narrow victory. The king carried out the promised reforms, including selection of the prime minister by the Rastriya Panchayat.
People in rural areas had expected that their interests would be better represented after the adoption of parliamentary democracy in 1990. The [[Nepali Congress]] with support of "Alliance of leftist parties" decided to launch a decisive agitational movement, [[Jana Andolan]], which forced the monarchy to accept constitutional reforms and to establish a '''multiparty parliament'''. In May 1991, Nepal held its first parliamentary elections in nearly 50 years. The Nepali Congress won 110 of the 205 seats and formed the first elected government in 32 years.
Nepal
In Nepal there was grate king name as Prithivi narayan shah.he was one of the most strong and his mind was also intilligent and he has make Nepal by wining the many parts of our country and he make one country name as Nepal.he has fight with many kingdom of same country nepal and by winning them he make one singal country nepal.
Nepal has many brave heart army who has given their life for our country.Nepal has not given chance to win the british and even our army has given them to enter in our country.in laal killa our country army has not given to enter in our country even the army baby wife had given their life for our country.
Our king has going by winning all the pert of our country and at last he had dead in one fight by sleeping his leg from the hill so he has dead and of to that time he has made one big country Nepal.in Nepal there was many parts and by combining them he made one country nepal.
In nepal there were many king came and dad but .prithvi narayan shah was one who make one country nepal.in nepal has made by king prithvi narayan shah.
Nepal has many brave heart army who has given their life for our country.Nepal has not given chance to win the british and even our army has given them to enter in our country.in laal killa our country army has not given to enter in our country even the army baby wife had given their life for our country.
Our king has going by winning all the pert of our country and at last he had dead in one fight by sleeping his leg from the hill so he has dead and of to that time he has made one big country Nepal.in Nepal there was many parts and by combining them he made one country nepal.
In nepal there were many king came and dad but .prithvi narayan shah was one who make one country nepal.in nepal has made by king prithvi narayan shah.
Nepal
Nepal is one country,where many religious,cast,and different people are living.in Nepal there is one biggest mountain name as himal and it is only in Nepal and due to this all country people are coming to visit.Nepal has many sources to be forward from other country.Nepal is second richest country in water.But our country political party people are not giving to utilize it.Nepal can produce 83.000mw electricity by utilizing it but due to political reason it cant be utilize because they want money to utilize it but other country are giving money but the people of our country are not utilizing it.
Nepal had an opportunity to produce electricity,and the money was denoted by world bank.The world bank has provided 50000billion to produce at the time of king and our prime minister has rejected it even the world bank has given 50%discount to our country than also our country has not taken the money and rejected it because it was given by foregin country.
Nepal has many site that has not yet been known by our country people.Nepal has site like temple and many other site.Nepal has many sources to earn money like from selling tea leaf,and hurbal thing our country can sale it and can earn money from it.
Our country has growing population day by day.the population growing rate is 2.25 now in Nepal but it was not being control by our population.and it was growing day by day.
Nepal had an opportunity to produce electricity,and the money was denoted by world bank.The world bank has provided 50000billion to produce at the time of king and our prime minister has rejected it even the world bank has given 50%discount to our country than also our country has not taken the money and rejected it because it was given by foregin country.
Nepal has many site that has not yet been known by our country people.Nepal has site like temple and many other site.Nepal has many sources to earn money like from selling tea leaf,and hurbal thing our country can sale it and can earn money from it.
Our country has growing population day by day.the population growing rate is 2.25 now in Nepal but it was not being control by our population.and it was growing day by day.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)